Auction House Commissions

How Auction Houses Earn Their Money

Auction houses charge commission on every sale, and they collect it from both sides of the transaction. The seller pays a fee, and so does the buyer. This double charge might seem unusual if you are new to auctions, but it has been standard practice in the UK for a long time.

For sellers, this means a percentage of your final sale price goes to the auction house. For buyers, you pay the hammer price plus an additional charge on top. Both parties also pay VAT on their respective commission fees, though VAT is not usually applied to the item price itself.

The Two Types of Commission

Vendor's commission is what sellers pay. This is calculated as a percentage of the final hammer price and is deducted automatically before the auction house sends you your proceeds. You will not need to pay this separately as it comes straight off the top.

Buyer's premium is the charge added to what buyers pay. When you win a lot, the price you actually hand over will be the hammer price plus this premium, plus VAT on the premium. The total can be noticeably higher than the figure the auctioneer called out when the hammer fell.

VAT at 20% applies to both types of commission in most cases. This is charged on the commission amount, not on the sale price of the item. Some specialist sales or imported goods may have different VAT arrangements, so check with the auction house if you are unsure.

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What Rates Can You Expect

Commission rates vary considerably between auction houses. Vendor's commission can range from around 8% at the lower end up to 20% or more at some larger or specialist houses. The rate may depend on the type of item, its estimated value, or the auction house's own pricing structure.

Buyer's premium also varies. Many UK auction houses charge somewhere between 20% and 28%, though this differs by saleroom and category. Some regional auction houses offer lower rates, while prestigious London houses may charge more.

It pays to ask about rates before committing to sell through any particular house. A few percentage points can make a real difference to your final return, especially on higher value items. Most auction houses publish their commission rates on their websites or will provide them on request.

What This Means in Practice

If you are selling, factor in the vendor's commission and VAT when estimating what you might actually receive. An item that sells for £500 could leave you with considerably less once fees are taken off. Ask the auction house for a clear breakdown before you consign anything.

If you are buying, remember that the hammer price is just the starting point. Add the buyer's premium and VAT to work out what you will actually pay. Some auction houses display the total including premium on their bidding screens or invoices, but others do not, so it helps to do the maths yourself before bidding.

Additional charges may also apply. Some houses charge for photography, lotting, insurance, or unsold items. These vary by auction house, so read the terms and conditions or ask directly before you proceed.

For general guidance on VAT and how it applies to auction sales, GOV.UK provides information on second hand goods schemes and margin schemes that may be relevant.

Understanding how commission works helps you budget properly, whether you are clearing a house, collecting, or simply curious about what auctions might offer. Once you know the numbers, there are few surprises.